International perspectives on the use of external quality assurance in higher education

In higher education (HE), external quality assurance (QA) consists of a set of systematic evaluation processes implemented to enhance quality, transparency and accountability within the system. External QA is often used to accredit HE institutions or programs that meet certain quality standards. It is generally managed by specific agencies established for that purpose. The HE Policy Observatory reviewed national HE systems globally to explore which countries established, through their legislation, an external QA regime for HE.  

The data reveals that approximately 8 out of 10 countries around the world mandate a specific national agency to regulate QA in HE. Some variations can be observed across income groups, with a slightly higher likelihood for wealthier nations to have national QA agencies for HE. 

Policymakers are recommended to enhance the quality and transparency of the HE system through efficient QA agencies by checking the information in the HE Policy Observatory to identify other countries with similar conditions, and by engaging in regional and global networks that facilitate peer-learning, collaboration and the development of common quality standards. Examples include ENQA in the European HE Area; RIACES in Iberoamerica, or INQAAHE, which operates globally. 

Implementing QA regimes typically involves incorporating new administrative responsibilities for HE systems and institutions, for which collaboration is essential. Besides, QA regimes need to be sufficiently autonomous to ensure that QA processes are free from undue external influences that could impact the work of HE institutions and professionals. To tackle these challenges, governments and researchers can collaborate to identify, which accreditation processes, evaluation criteria, or implementation mechanisms, enhance quality more efficiently while preserving institutional autonomy and academic freedom. 

Check out the UNESCO IESALC Policy Insight on HE quality assurance worldwide here.